Pleural Line Detection Enhancement in Lung Ultrasonography (LUS) Based on Morphological and Adaptive Structural 2D Filter

Lung ultrasonography (LUS) imaging has been used intensively to investigate and assess the lung’s various pathological conditions. A diagnostic system of lung abnormalities is developed to detect and localize the pleural line that can be viewed as the artifacts in LUS image. The continuous pleural line indicates one crucial pattern of a healthy lung. The regular repeated horizontal A-line marks this pattern with a fixed distance between the lines and ideally, produces a higher contrast in the lung image. This work proposes an image processing framework for enhancing pleural line detection in healt ung ultrasonography (LUS) imaging has been used intensively to investigate and assess the lung’s various pathological conditions. A diagnostic system of lung abnormalities is developed to detect and localize the pleural line that can be viewed as the artifacts in LUS image. The continuous pleural line indicates one crucial pattern of a healthy lung. The regular repeated horizontal A-line marks this pattern with a fixed distance between the lines and ideally, produces a higher contrast in the lung image. This work proposes an image processing framework for enhancing pleural line detection in healthy subjects and patients as an early stage of further lung image interpretations in pneumonia patients. The proposed image processing framework is based on a top-hat morphological grayscale 2D filter with a texture structure element and an adaptive structural 2D low pass filter. This framework is evaluated for open dataset video ultrasonography (USG) of Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to enhance the pleural line detection for typical video LUS acquired using a linear and a convex transducer. hy subjects and patients as an early stage of further lung image interpretations in pneumonia patients. The proposed image processing framework is based on a top-hat morphological grayscale 2D filter with a texture structure element and an adaptive structural 2D low pass filter. This framework is evaluated for open dataset video ultrasonography (USG) of Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to enhance the pleural line detection for typical video LUS acquired using a linear and a convex transducer

New Reconstruction Method for Needle Contrast Optimization in B-Mode Ultrasound Image by Extracting RF Signal Parameters in Frequency Domain

Ultrasound-guided needle insertion has become standard in medical interventional procedures. Regardless of its advantages, it still has crucial problems related to needle visibility. Some technical factors affect the visibility with non-linear characteristic, i.e. frequency, insertion angle and depth. Here, backscattered signal parameters from measurement were compared to a simulation of a resonance scattering model. Raw radio frequency (RF) data were reconstructed with a new method to represent unique information on total backpropagation from the needle, which consists of non-resonance and resonance scattering components. The result suggests that reconstruction of the needle in B-mode images should be derived from the maximum power spectral density and the energy spectral density to optimize the contrast of the needle. In measurements with the center frequency at 1.87 MHz, the effect of resonance scattering on the total backpropagation around critical angles could be observed more clearly with this method than with standard reconstruction based on the signal envelope. The simulation showed that the fractional bandwidth of the spectrum of the backscattered pressure field centered at 1.87 MHz was relatively optimal at 40% to 100%. So that the simulation of the resonance scattering model can be used to predict the backscattered response from the needle, it must be able to confirm it to the real conditions of RF data with random characteristics. Therefore, extraction of the backscattered pressure field in a simulation with fractional bandwidth should be a concern

Surface electromyography quantification methods for evaluating muscle activity in dysphagia

Quantitative evaluation of stroke patients with the risk of swallowing disorder or dysphagia is required to support diagnosis and further rehabilitation planning. Fluoroscopy X-ray imaging usually is used for swallowing diagnosis, though it gives radiation exposure to patients. Therefore, quantification of muscle coordination patterns involved in swallowing based on surface electromyography (sEMG) was introduced. However, an adequate quantification of sEMG for dysphagia diagnosis still lacks standardization. In this work, potential sEMG signal features, namely the contraction duration (DUR), the time to peak of maximum contraction (TTP), and the total RMS power (TP), were further investigated to evaluate the swallowing processes in healthy subjects and post-stroke patients. The experimental scheme instructed the participant, i.e. 20 healthy subjects and 20 patients, to swallow 3 mL of water in normal swallowing mode and swallow saliva in dry swallowing mode. The proposed signal processing procedure helps to establish the feature extraction of the three features mentioned earlier. For dysphagia assessment, with the support of our proposed signal processing procedure, DUR and TTP can be used together to improve diagnosis reliability. The characteristic of both features in healthy subjects was shorter than in post-stroke patients. Also, the TP feature is useful as additional information to evaluate the role of suprahyoid (SUP) and infrahyoid (INF) muscle groups which are very important in the swallowing process. These results are promising to provide a reliable set of features in the time domain for swallowing analysis. Notably, this can also be utilized as a feature for supporting the automatic classification of dysphagia diagnosis

Evaluasi Algoritme Bresenham dan Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) untuk Pengontrolan Koordinasi Gerakan Dua Motor Stepper pada Robot untuk Simulator Penusukan Jarum Medis

Citra USG merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pendukung yang krusial dalam menuntun penusukan jarum medis ke dalam tubuh pasien. Konsistensi citra visibilitas jarum tersebut ditentukan oleh dua faktor, yaitu teknis pencitraan yang digunakan (spesifikasi transduser USG dan karakteristik akustik jarum) dan posisi jarum (kedalaman dan sudut penusukan) terhadap muka gelombang bidang yang dipancarkan pada bidang pandang tertentu. Sebelum diaplikasikan ke tubuh pasien, diperlukan suatu informasi berupa peta visibilitas jarum yang dicitrakan USG dengan mensimulasikan teknik penusukan secara in-plane menggunakan sistem robot 3 DOF. Hal penting dari robot 3 DOF yang digunakan adalah koordinasi gerakan dua motor stepper yang menjamin gerakan penusukan jarum berada pada trajektori berupa garis lurus untuk berbagai kombinasi kedalaman dan sudut penusukan. Oleh karena itu, pada makalah ini akan dilakukan evaluasi algoritme Bresenham dan Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) dalam mengatur pemberian jumlah pulsa masukan pada kedua motor stepper sehingga diperoleh gerakan yang diinginkan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan jarum spinal 22G pada gerakan penusukan dengan rentang sudut penusukan 08 - 908 dengan perubahan sudut 22,58 dan kedalaman penusukan 10 "“ 50 mm dengan perubahan kedalaman 10 mm. Berdasarkan nilai RMSE, standar deviasi, linearitas, dan R2, algoritme Bresenham lebih baik dibandingkan dengan algoritme DDA.

IMPLEMENTASI ALAT PEMANTAUAN AKTIVITAS DAN PELACAKAN LOKASI JATUH (E-CARE) UNTUK LANSIA DI DAERAH CIKUTRA KOTA BANDUNG

Indonesia has a percentage of an elderly population of as much as 9.03%, so it can be stated that Indonesia is a country with an old structure. This makes Indonesia pay attention to the health, activity, and productivity of the elderly. Changes in physical condition can affect the activities of the elderly significantly and increase the risk of falling. Therefore, a monitoring tool for elderly activities and location points for elderly falls was developed called e-care for the elderly. E-care Elderly is designed to be able to monitor the position of the elderly via GPS and detect if the elderly have fallen. This tool is connected to the application installed on the smartphone. In addition, this elderly E-care is equipped with a camera that can monitor the situation around the elderly. This service will be given to 10 elderly in Cikutra Village, Cibeunying Kidul District, Bandung City. There will be several preparations, implementation, and assistance activities for E-care for the Elderly. According to a survey of respondents who took part in this community service, more than 80% felt the tool had a performance that followed the needs, and 100% thought it was appropriate and very suitable for this activity with the goals and conditions of the community and it was hoped that the continuity of this activity. The survey results illustrate that the community understands all community service activities and how to use and benefit from E-Care tools.  ---  Indonesia memiliki persentase penduduk lansia sebanyak 9,03%, sehingga dapat dinyatakan indonesia merupakan negara berstruktur tua. Hal tersebut membuat Indonesia harus memperhatikan  kesehatan, keaktifan, dan produktivitas dari lansia. Perubahan kondisi fisik dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas lansia terutama dan menambah resiko jatuh. Oleh karena itu dikembakan alat pemantau aktivitas lansia dan titik lokasi jatuh lansia yang dimamakan e-care lansia. E-care Lansia dirancang agar dapat memantau posisi lansia melalui GPS dan mendeteksi jika lansia terjatuh. Alat ini terhubung ke aplikasi yang terpasang pada telepon pintar. Selain itu, E-care lansia ini dilengkapi dengan kamera yang dapat memantau keadaan di sekitar lansia. Pada abdimas ini akan diberikan kepada 10 lansia di Kelurahan Cikutra, Kecamatan Cibeunying Kidul, Kota Bandung.  Akan ada beberapa kegiatan persiapan, pengimplementasian dan pendampingan penggunaan E-care Lansia. Menurut survei responden yang mengikuti kegiatan abdimas lebih dari 80 % merasa alat memiliki kinerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan 100 % merasa sesuai dan sangat sesuai kegiatan ini dengan tujuan dan kebutuhan masyarakat dan diharapkan keberlangsungan kegiatan ini. Dari hasil survei tersebut juga bisa menggambarkan bahwa masyarakat sasar paham tentang seluruh kegiatan abdimas dan paham cara penggunaan dan manfaat dari alat E-Care

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Peningkatan Nilai Produk Bandrek Jahe di Kelurahan Sijinjang Kota Jambi

ABSTRAK: Masyarakat di kelurahan Sejinjang menanam Jahe merah. Jahe merah ini diolah menjadi minuman tradisional berupa bandrek jahe dalam bentuk serbuk. Olahan ini telah dijual oleh masyarakat dalam kemasan tradisional dan dengan nilai yang tidak tinggi. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat memalui peningkatan nilai produk Bandrek Jahe. Pelaksana pengabdian kepada masyarakat memberikan bantuan Kelompok binaan P2WKSS (Peningkatan Peranan Wanita Menuju Keluarga Sehat Sejahtera) untuk melakukan pengurusan izin P-IRT ke Puskesmas Tanjung Pinang dan Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kota Jambi. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat sudah berhasil meningkatkan nilai produk bandrek jahe yang dibuat oleh masyarakat Kelurahan Sejinjang.Kata Kunci: Minuman Traditional, Jahe Merah, no izin P-IRT. Community Empowerment through Upgrading Product Value of Bandrek Jahe in Sijinjang of Jambi CityABSTRACT: People in Sijinjang of Jambi City planted red ginger. This red ginger was transform to be traditional drinking named Bandrek Jahe in powder form. This powder had been marketed by this people community through traditonal packaging with lower value. This community service program aimed to empower community through upgrading producy value of Bandrek Jahe. The activist of community service progra helped the target group named P2WKSS (Women Empowerment to Healthy and Wealthy Family) to proceed the permission number of P-IRT to Public Health Tanjung Pinang and Departement of Industry and Trade Jambi City. This community service program was succes to empower community through upgrading producy value of Bandrek Jahe made by community in Sijinjang of Jambi City.Keywords: Traditional drinking, Red ginger, Permission number of P-IRT

ISMAIL MUNDU TO-PANRITA AS A SCHOLAR AND MUFTI OF THE KUBU KINGDOM IN WEST KALIMANTAN

This research aimed to reveal the role of the local scholars in the spread of Islam in Borneo. The only famous cleric in Borneo is Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari from South Kalimantan. Each region in Kalimantan has its scholars, the local cleric of West Kalimantan who will be discussed in this paper is Ismail Mundu to-panrita (a scholar, religious leader, and knowledgeable person, who has worked for the benefit of the community), as a cleric and mufti of the Kubu Kingdom. The research method used in this study was the historical method by taking the following steps, namely: heuristics, criticism, auffassung, and desterliung. The results of the study found that Ismail Mundu as a scholar had practiced his knowledge in educating the community and creating a religious and peaceful society. He was appointed to be the Mufti of the Kubu Kingdom due to his success in eradicating ignorance in the community. After the Kubu Kingdom ended and merged with the Republic of Indonesia, Ismail Mundu was elected to be a judge of the Kubu Court. Ismail Mundu as mufti gave fatwas and explanations to the public regarding religious issues, which can be seen in his various works, including interpretations of the holy book Al-Quran in Bugis translation, collections of Isra' mi'raj stories, collections of sermons, collections of wirid, Remembrance of Tauhidiyah, Mukhtasar al-Mannan 'ala al-'Aqidat al-Rahman, Book of Mukhtasar Aqaid, Faidah Istighfar Rajab, Schedule of Al-Nikah, Majmu' al-Mirats fi hukmi al-Faraid. The classification of Ismail Mundu's works includes interpretation, monotheism, tasawuf, fiqh, and history.Tujuan penelitian mengungkap peran ulama lokal dalam penyebaran Islam di Borneo. Ulama Borneo yang terkenal hanyalah Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari di Kalimantan Selatan. Setiap wilayah di Kalimantan memiliki ulama, ulama lokal Kalimantan Barat yang akan dikupas  yaitu Ismail Mundu to-panrita (cendikiawan, pemimpin agama, orang berilmu, dan telah bekerja untuk kemaslahatan masyarakat) sebagai ulama dan mufti Kerajaan Kubu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah dengan menempuh langkah-langkah sebagai berikut, yaitu: heuristic, kritik, auffassung dan desterliung. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa Ismail Mundu sebagai ulama telah mengamalkan ilmunya dalam mencerdaskan masyarakat dan mewujudkan masyarakat agamis dan damai. Keberhasilan Ismail Mundu dalam mengentaskan kejahilian di masyarakat, dia dilantik menjadi mufti Kerajaan Kubu. Setelah Kerajaan Kubu berakhir, dan bergabung dengan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, Ismail Mundu dipilih menjadi hakim Mahkamah Kubu. Ismail Mundu sebagai mufti memberikan fatwa dan penjelasan kepada masyarakat mengenai masalah-masalah keagamaan, dapat dilihat dalam karya-karyanya, di antaranya: tafsir kitab suci al-Quran terjemahan bahasa Bugis, kumpulan kisah isra’ mi’raj, kumpulan khutbah, kumpulan wirid, Zikir Tauhidiyah, Mukhtasar al-Mannan ‘ala al-‘Aqidat al-Rahman, Kitab Mukhtasar Aqaid, Faidah Istighfar Rajab, Jadwal Al-Nikah, Majmu’ al-Mirats fi hukmi al-Faraid. Klasifikasi karya Ismail Mundu meliputi: tafsir, tauhid, tasawuf, fiqh dan sejarah

TECHNIQUES IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH ABSTRACTS INTO INDONESIAN: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATED TEXT OF STUDENTS AT ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF KHAIRUN UNIVERSITY

Saat ini penerjemahan menjadi bidang kajian penting yang dilakukan oleh para peneliti. Salah satu hal yang perlu dikaji adalah teknik penerjemahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknik mahasiswa dalam menerjemahkan abstrak dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis isi. Sumber data diambil dari terjemahan mahasiswa. Hasil terjemahan dari bahasa sumber dan terjemahannya dalam bahasa sasaran dicatat kemudian diambil sebagai data untuk dianalisis. Kemunculan teknik penerjemahan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan jenis teknik penerjemahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik penerjemahan yang diterapkan siswa adalah borrowing, ekivalensi, literal, modulasi, calque, dan adaptasi. Dari semua teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan, teknik borrowing merupakan teknik yang paling dominan digunakan siswa dalam menerjemahkan abstrak bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia

Desain Sistem Pengukuran Morfologi Tubuh Manusia Menggunakan Klasifikasi Somatotype dan Hubungannya dengan Keseimbangan Postur Berdiri

The human ability to carry out daily activities is influenced by the balance of body posture in various positions, especially in a standing position. One of the factors of body balance is a biomechanical factor which is influenced by the morphology of the human body. Somatotype is a method of classifying the morphology of the human body, while the balance of human body posture can be measured based on the center of pressure (COP), which is the center of pressure generated when humans stand up. In this study, a system was designed to classify somatotypes using the Heath-Carter formula and assessment of body posture balance. Somatotype grouping is done with inputs in the form of body height measured with an ultrasonic sensor, body mass measured using a set of load cells to determine body mass index (BMI), and 8 anthropometric parameters. While the measurement of body balance is carried out by measuring the COP values using 8 load cell sensors. Eight anthropometric parameters were used, namely skin folds in the triceps, subscapular, supraspinal, and medial calf areas, the width of the femur and humerus bones, and the triceps and calf circumference. Statistical parameter values ​​in the form of mean, range, and approximate entropy (ApEn) are then calculated from the obtained COP values, i.e., for the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions, so that the center point of the COP, the displacement distance of each axis (ML and AP directions), and their stability can be determined. The measurement results are grouped and combined to display the type of somatotype associated with the COP value to obtain a relationship between the type of somatotype and a person's standing posture. Measurements were carried out on 14 male subjects with an age range of 15-23 years. The measurement results show an average error range of 0.37-2.58% for ultrasonic sensors, 0.64-4.67% for load cells, 0.1-0.6% for ApEn values ​​at COP in the medial-direction direction (ML COP), and 0% for ApEn in COP in the anterior-posterior direction (AP COP). The average difference range for ML COP is 0.03-0.84 cm, while the average for AP COP is 0.14-0.58 cm. These differences indicate a shift in the center of pressure on the subject's body when measurements are taken compared to the original state. The ectomorphic somatotype group had the greatest instability compared to 2 other somatotype groups, namely endomorphic and mesomorphic. In each somatotype group, the value of the AP COP range which is greater than in the ML COP indicates a greater tendency of body sway in the anterior-posterior direction. Keywords: somatotype; balance posture; center of pressure; body morphologyKemampuan manusia untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari dipengaruhi oleh keseimbangan postur tubuh pada berbagai posisi, terutama pada posisi berdiri. Salah satu faktor keseimbangan tubuh adalah faktor biomekanik yang dipengaruhi oleh morfologi tubuh manusia. Somatotype merupakan salah satu metode pengelompokan morfologi tubuh manusia, sedangkan keseimbangan postur tubuh manusia dapat diukur berdasarkan pusat tekanan (center of pressure/COP), yaitu titik pusat tekanan yang dihasilkan ketika manusia berdiri. Pada penelitian ini dirancang suatu sistem untuk mengelompokkan jenis somatotype menggunakan rumus Heath-Carter dan penilaian keseimbangan postur tubuh. Pengelompokkan somatotype dilakukan dengan masukan berupa hasil pengukuran tinggi tubuh dengan sensor ultrasonik, massa tubuh dengan sensor load cell untuk menentukan indeks massa tubuh (body mass index/BMI), serta 8 parameter antropometrik. Sedangkan pengukuran keseimbangan tubuh dilakukan dengan mengukur nilai COP menggunakan 8 sensor load cell. Delapan parameter antropometrik yang digunakan, yaitu lipatan kulit pada area tricep, subscapular, supraspinal, dan medial calf (betis), lebar tulang paha dan tulang humerus, serta lingkar tricep dan lingkar betis. Nilai parameter statistik berupa mean, range, dan approximate entropy (ApEn) kemudian dihitung dari nilai COP yang telah diperoleh, yaitu untuk arah medial-lateral (ML) dan anterior-posterior (AP), sehingga dapat diketahui titik pusat COP, jarak perpindahan masing-masing sumbu (arah ML dan AP), serta kestabilannya. Hasil pengukuran dikelompokkan dan dikombinasikan untuk menampilkan jenis somatotype yang dihubungkan dengan nilai COP sehingga diperoleh hubungan jenis somatotype dan postur berdiri seseorang. Pengukuran dilakukan pada 14 subjek laki-laki dengan rentang usia 15-23 tahun. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan range rata-rata galat sebesar 0,37-2,58 % untuk sensor ultrasonik, 0,64-4,67 % untuk sensor load cell, 0,1-0,6 % untuk nilai ApEn pada COP arah medial-lateral, serta 0% untuk ApEn pada COP arah anterior-posterior. Rentang selisih rata-rata COP ML adalah 0,03-0,84 cm, sedangkan rata-rata untuk COP AP sebesar 0,14-0,58 cm. Perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan adanya pergeseran titik pusat tekanan pada tubuh subjek ketika dilakukan pengukuran dibandingkan dengan keadaan semula. Kelompok somatotype ectomorphic memiliki ketidakstabilan terbesar dibandingkan 2 kelompok somatotype lainnya, yaitu endomorphic dan mesomorphic. Pada masing-masing kelompok somatotype, nilai range COP AP yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pada COP ML menunjukkan kecenderungan body sway yang lebih besar ke arah anterior-posterior. Kata Kunci:  somatotype; keseimbangan postur tubuh; center of pressure; morfologi tubu

Effect of an acupuncture stimulation on human body stamina improvement based on statistical electromyography analysis

The acupuncture therapy has been known since thousands years ago in China as the TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine). One of the main benefits of this therapy is as a function of accelerating recovery in muscle fatigue due to physical activity during resting the body for a certain time. Unfortunately, clinical proofs as in modern medicine or through the stages of analytical laboratory relatively still lack. Therefore, in this paper we consider a method to explore acupuncture therapy which has been known can improve the human body stamina based on Electromyography (EMG) measurement as the main source of quantitative analysis. In this paper, EMG is used as a source information that will represent the characteristic of biceps muscle fatigue from initial condition up to recovery condition. Initial condition described that volunteers will be treated a physical stimulation on 5 kg static load exercise. Recovery condition described that all volunteers will be separated into two groups, where the first group obtained acupuncture treatment and the second group did not. Then, bioelectricity from muscle measured as analysis of EMG comparisson between two groups. Furthermore, the effect of acupuncture therapy will be evaluated quantitatively by this EMG data conversion into statistical data analysis; i.e. Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Median Frequency (MF)